PCB Board Design Precautions -1

Design is very important in the entire circuit board production process. If the design circuit is unreasonable, the performance of the produced device will be relatively poor. In the worst case, it cannot be used normally. Therefore, the design must be prepared in advance. Pay attention to layout and wiring during the design process, and check DRC and structure from time to time.

The general PCB design process is as follows: preliminary preparation -> PCB structure design -> PCB layout -> wiring -> wiring optimization and silk printing -> network and DRC inspection and structure inspection -> plate making.

First, Preliminary Preparation

This includes preparing component libraries and schematics. “Workers must first sharpen their tools if they want to be good at their work.” To make a good board, in addition to designing the principles, you must also draw well. Before proceeding with PCB design, we must first prepare the component library of the schematic SCH and the component library of the PCB. The component library can use the library that comes with peotel, but it is generally difficult to find a suitable one. It is best to make your own component library based on the standard size data of the selected device. In principle, do the PCB component library first, and then do the SCH component library. PCB component library requirements are high, which directly affects the installation of the board; SCH component library requirements are relatively loose, as long as you pay attention to the definition of the pin attributes and the corresponding relationship with the PCB components. Pay attention to the hidden pins in the standard library. After that is the design of the schematic diagram, and when it is done, it is ready to start the PCB design.

Second: PCB Structure Design.

In this step, draw the PCB surface in the PCB design environment according to the determined circuit board size and various mechanical positioning, and place the required connectors, buttons/switches, screw holes, assembly holes, etc. according to the positioning requirements. And fully consider and determine the wiring area and non-wiring area (such as how much area around the screw hole belongs to the non-wiring area).

Third: PCB Layout

To put it bluntly, the layout is to put devices on the board. At this time, if all the preparations mentioned above are done, you can generate the netlist (Design->Create Netlist) on the schematic diagram, and then import the netlist (Design->Load Nets) on the PCB diagram. You can see the whole stack of devices crashing, and there are flying wires between the pins to indicate the connection. Then you can lay out the device. The general layout is carried out according to the following principles:

① According to the reasonable division of electrical performance, it is generally divided into digital circuit area (that is, afraid of interference and generate interference), analog circuit area (fear of interference), power drive area (interference source).

② Circuits that complete the same function should be placed as close as possible, and each component should be adjusted to ensure the most concise connection. At the same time, adjust the relative position between the functional blocks to make the connection between the functional blocks the most concise.

③ For high-quality components, the installation location and installation strength should be considered. Heating components should be placed separately from temperature-sensitive components, and heat convection measures should be considered when necessary.

④ The I/O drive device is as close as possible to the edge of the printed board and to the lead-out connector.

⑤ The clock generator (such as: crystal oscillator or clock oscillator) should be as close as possible to the device that uses the clock.

⑥ Between the power input pin of each integrated circuit and the ground, a decoupling capacitor (generally a monolithic capacitor with good high-frequency performance is used). When the board space is dense, it can also add a tantalum capacitor around several integrated circuits.

⑦ A discharge diode should be added to the relay coil (1N4148 is sufficient).

⑧ The layout must be balanced, dense and orderly, and not top-heavy or heavy.

Special attention is needed. When placing components, the actual size of the components (occupied area and height) and the relative position between the components must be considered to ensure the electrical performance of the circuit board and the feasibility and convenience of production and installation. At the same time, under the premise of ensuring that the above principles can be reflected, the placement of the components should be appropriately modified to make them neat and beautiful. For example, the same components should be placed neatly and in the same direction.

This step is related to the overall image of the board and the difficulty of wiring in the next step, so a little effort must be taken into consideration. When laying out, you can make preliminary wiring and fully consider the places that are not sure about it.